AA DIL MAIN TUJHE RAKH LOUN NAAT LYRICS

AA DIL MAIN TUJHE RAKH LOUN NAAT LYRICS

Bay Khud Kiye Detay Hain, Andaaz E Hijabana
Aa Dil Mein Tujhay Rakh Loon, Aie Jalwa E Janana

Kyun Aankh Milayi Thi, Kyun Aag Lagayi Thi
Ab Rukh Ko Chupa Baithay, Ker Kay Mujhay Deewana.

Jee Chahata Hai Touhfay Mein Behjoun Main Unhein Aakhein
Kay Darshan Ka To Darshan Ho, Nazranay Ka Nazrana.

Kyun Aankh Milayee Thi, Kyoon Aag Lagayee Thi
Ab Rukh Ko Chupa Baitha Kar Key Mujhay Dewana.

Peenay Ko To Pee Loun Ga Per Arz Zara Si Hai
Kay Ajmer Ka Saaqi Ho, Baghdad Ka Maikhana.

Bedam Meri Kismat Mein Sajday Hain Usi Ghar Kay
Chota Hai Na Choutay Ga Sang E Dar E Janana.

Oneness of God in Islam: Pure Monotheism

Pure Monotheism: Islam teaches the purest form of monotheism, emphasizing that there is no deity except God, known as “ALLAH” in Arabic. In Islam, associating partners with God, or polytheism, is considered the gravest of sins. Unlike the word “god,” which can have various connotations in different languages, “ALLAH” is the personal name of the one, indivisible God in Islam.

Attributes of Allah: According to Islamic belief, Allah is the one and only God who is indivisible in essence and has no divine partners, spouse, children, or resemblance to any creation. Allah is described as matchless, incomparable, and beyond human comprehension. He is eternal, the First and the Last, existing infinitely without beginning or end. Allah possesses attributes of absolute power, knowledge, and presence; He is almighty, all-knowing, and omnipresent.

Creator and Sustainer: Allah is recognized as the Creator of the universe, the One who nourishes and cherishes all living beings. He is the source of justice, avenging wrongs done to the weak and oppressed. Allah is characterized by boundless compassion, mercy, and love. He serves as the guiding light, a trusted friend, and the embodiment of magnificence, glory, beauty, and truth. In essence, Allah is the possessor of all forms of excellence.

Gibbon’s Perspective: Edward Gibbon, a renowned Western historian, spoke highly of Islam’s conception of God. He asserted that the Islamic creed is free from ambiguity, with the Qur’an bearing glorious testimony to the unity of God. The Prophet Muhammad, in rejecting the worship of idols, stars, and planets, did so on rational grounds. He recognized that everything susceptible to corruption would eventually decay, and whatever is born will eventually die. Likewise, whatever rises will eventually set. In contrast, Muhammad’s rational enthusiasm led him to acknowledge and worship an infinite and eternal Being, free from any form or place, without progeny or likeness. This Supreme Being exists inherently, derived from His own nature, possessing all moral and intellectual perfections. Gibbon commended the precision with which these sublime truths are defined in the Qur’an, suggesting that a philosophical theist could readily endorse the popular creed of the Muslims.

In summary, Islam’s concept of God revolves around pure monotheism, highlighting the oneness, uniqueness, and incomparability of Allah, the Creator, and Sustainer of all that exists. Gibbon’s appreciation underscores the rational and precise nature of this monotheistic belief.

The Universe’s Unity in Islam: A Moral Order

Unity from the Creator: According to Islamic teachings, the unity of the universe stems from the unity of its Creator, Allah. This unity extends to both the creation itself and its underlying purpose. In essence, Islam perceives the cosmos as a harmonious moral order.

Unity of Creation: Islam asserts that the universe is a unified creation, intricately interconnected and interdependent. Every aspect of the cosmos, from the tiniest particles to the vast celestial bodies, is part of this seamless unity. This interconnectedness reflects the wisdom and design of the Creator.

Unity of Purpose: Furthermore, Islam emphasizes that the universe is not a random assortment of elements but a purposeful creation with a moral order. Each component of the universe serves a specific purpose, contributing to the overall balance and harmony. This purpose extends beyond the physical realm and encompasses moral and ethical dimensions.

In simpler terms, Islam teaches that the universe’s unity arises from the fact that it is created and guided by a single, all-powerful Creator, Allah. This unity is evident in the interconnectedness of all things and is imbued with a moral order that reflects divine wisdom and purpose.

Unity of Humanity in Islam: One Global Family

One Human Family: In Islam, all of humanity is viewed as a single, interconnected family—an “organic unity.” Regardless of differences in race, color, language, or geographical origin, Islam firmly rejects any claims of superiority based on these worldly distinctions. Instead, the only meaningful distinction, according to Islam, lies in an individual’s moral and spiritual qualities, specifically their “taqwa,” or piety and righteousness.

Equality of Status: Islam emphasizes the equality of all human beings, transcending artificial barriers. This equality extends to social status, opportunities, and collective endeavors. In the eyes of Islam, no group or individual should claim superiority over others due to their worldly attributes. Rather, one’s worth is determined by their moral character and adherence to piety.

Inter-Racial Understanding and Cooperation: Prominent scholars, such as Prof. H.A.R. Gibb, recognize Islam’s remarkable tradition of fostering inter-racial understanding and cooperation. Islam’s historical record demonstrates its ability to unite diverse races and cultures in a spirit of equality, providing them with equal opportunities and shared endeavors. This unity is seen as a valuable mediator for overcoming conflicts and divisions among different societies.

In essence, Islam’s perspective on the unity of humanity underscores the idea that all individuals are part of one global family. Worldly distinctions, such as race or ethnicity, hold no value in determining superiority. Instead, Islam places importance on an individual’s moral and spiritual qualities, fostering equality, cooperation, and understanding among diverse human communities.

Unity of Religion in Islam: A Continuation of Divine Guidance

Divine Guidance is the Source: In Islamic belief, the human intellect, while valuable, has its inherent limitations. As such, neither the normative sciences nor empirical knowledge can reliably lead humanity to a profound understanding of ultimate truths or a comprehensive moral code. Instead, Islam asserts that the only unerring source of knowledge available to humanity is Divine Guidance.

One Continuous Revelation: Islam teaches that Divine Guidance has been accessible to humanity since the dawn of human existence. Allah, in His wisdom, has chosen to send Prophets and Messengers to various communities and regions throughout history. These chosen individuals received Divine Guidance from the same Source, and their mission was to transmit this guidance to their respective communities.

The Unity of All Revealed Religions: Islam holds that all revealed religions share a fundamental unity, making them essentially one. This unity stems from the fact that they all originate from the same Divine Source, even though they were delivered to distinct communities at different times. In essence, this perspective underscores the belief that all true religions are, at their core, Islam, which means submission to the will of the one true God.

Continual Divine Guidance: Throughout history, Prophets and Messengers were sent to guide humanity within their specific contexts. Unfortunately, the purity of the revealed guidance was sometimes compromised or lost due to human interference. Consequently, new Prophets were dispatched with fresh dispensations to address these challenges and advance humanity toward maturity.

Final Revelation for All Humanity: Islam teaches that, as humanity reached a stage of collective maturity, the need for sectional guidance came to an end. In the seventh century of the Christian era, Islam was revealed as the culmination of Divine guidance. The Holy Qur’an, the sacred scripture of Islam, encapsulates and recapitulates all previous revelations. It is considered the ultimate and enduring source of guidance for all of humanity.

Seal of Unity in Religion: With the advent of Islam, the unity of religion was sealed. While all the Prophets from Adam to Jesus (peace be upon them) are recognized as bearers of Divine messages, the final Prophet, Hazrat Muhammad (peace be upon him), is considered the last and ultimate Messenger. Consequently, the Holy Qur’an is regarded as the unaltered and purest revelation of Islam and the final guide for all rightly-guided individuals since the earliest days of humanity.

In summary, Islam teaches that Divine Guidance has been continuously available to humanity through Prophets and Messengers sent by Allah. All revealed religions share a fundamental unity, with Islam seen as the culmination of this Divine guidance. The Holy Qur’an is regarded as the ultimate and unaltered source of religious guidance for all of humanity, making it a beacon of unity in religion.

Equality of Genders in Islam: A Harmonious Partnership

Rejecting Gender Discrimination: Some societies across the world have historically perpetuated the idea that women are inherently inferior and belong to a separate and lesser category. This view has often led to the inhumane treatment of women. In stark contrast, Islam staunchly rejects such discriminatory beliefs and affirms that both men and women share a common origin and essence, granting them equal human status.

Common Origin and Equal Status: According to Islamic teachings, both men and women originate from the same source and are created with equal dignity and worth. In essence, they possess the same human status and intrinsic value. Islam firmly asserts that no gender is inherently superior or inferior to the other.

Complementary Roles: Rather than promoting antagonism between the sexes, Islam recognizes the harmonious interplay of distinct roles and interests that men and women bring to society. While their functions may differ in certain aspects, they are designed to complement one another, contributing to the overall welfare and progress of humanity.

Foundation of Love and Harmony: Islam envisions the natural relationship between men and women, encompassing all facets of life, as one characterized by love and harmony. These values are considered essential for genuine human advancement and development. The partnership between the sexes, founded on mutual respect and cooperation, serves as a cornerstone for societal prosperity and well-being.

In summary, Islam stands firmly against gender discrimination and emphasizes the equal status and worth of both men and women. It highlights the complementary roles they play in society and underscores the importance of love and harmony in their interactions. Through this perspective, Islam seeks to create a harmonious partnership between the sexes for the betterment of humanity.

Economic and Political Equality in Islam: A Vision of a Just Society

Eliminating Social Conflicts: Islam aspires to create a society free from class distinctions and the resulting social conflicts. It seeks to achieve this harmony by addressing the various interests and concerns within the community.

Economic Principles: In the realm of economics, Islam advocates a fundamental principle: the equitable distribution of wealth. It rejects the concentration of wealth among a select few and instead envisions a society where economic resources benefit everyone. To realize this vision, Islamic laws and institutions are designed to establish a “Cooperative Commonwealth of Talents.”

Political Philosophy: In the political sphere, Islam promotes the idea of a “Cooperative Commonwealth of the Pursuers of Righteousness.” This concept emphasizes that the pursuit of justice, righteousness, and the common good should be the foundation of governance. It asserts that sovereignty belongs solely to Allah, and no human being has the inherent right to govern others except in accordance with Allah’s will. Under this system, no one, including the head of state, is above the law, and absolute justice prevails.

The Welfare State: Islam’s societal framework can be described as a “welfare state.” It places social welfare and justice at the forefront of its values and objectives. The overarching goal is the establishment of righteousness in all aspects of life.

Acknowledgment by Critics: Despite potential differences and criticisms, even some critics of Islam have acknowledged its merits in fostering social ethics. Notable figures like H.G. Wells, H.A.R. Gibb, and Prof. Louis Massignon have recognized Islam’s role in creating societies with reduced cruelty and social oppression. Islam’s ability to maintain a balance between extremes in the Western world, as well as its stance against economic obsession, has also been acknowledged.

In essence, Islam strives for a just and egalitarian society where wealth is fairly distributed, governance is based on righteousness, and absolute justice prevails. This vision aligns with the welfare state concept and has garnered appreciation even from critics who recognize its merits in addressing societal issues.

Harmony of Life in Islam: Living a Life Devoted to God

Unified Human Personality: In Islam, the human personality is seen as a unified whole. This perspective rejects the division between “secular” and “religious” aspects of life as illogical and unreasonable. For a Muslim, every facet of life, whether individual or societal, is dedicated to God and His will.

Islam as a Way of Life: Dudley Wright, a scholar of Comparative Religion, aptly describes Islam as more than a mere creed—it is a comprehensive way of life. The Quran contains guidance for what may be perceived as minor details of daily life, but these details are significant because they contribute to the overarching purpose of living a life devoted to God.

Life Devoted to God: A Muslim’s life is fundamentally centered on devotion to God alone. The ultimate goal is to be bound to God in every aspect of life and to actively seek a deeper understanding of God in all endeavors. From birth to death, a true Muslim lives with an unwavering commitment to God, recognizing that life’s purpose is to be dedicated solely to Him.

In essence, Islam emphasizes the holistic integration of religious and secular aspects of life. It encourages a life lived in devotion to God, where every action, no matter how seemingly insignificant, contributes to a deeper connection with the Divine.

Submission to the Divine Will: The Essence of Islam

The term “Islam” holds a profound meaning in the context of religion—it signifies “submission to the Divine Will and Commands.” Essentially, Islam is synonymous with the very essence of nature itself. In the natural world, every element unreservedly surrenders to the Divine Will, acting in accordance with its inherent purpose and design. The only exception to this rule is humanity. Unlike the rest of creation, humans possess free will and must consciously choose to embrace “Islam” to align themselves with their intended destiny.

The renowned German poet-philosopher, Goethe, eloquently captures this concept by highlighting the folly of individuals who obstinately cling to their own narrow perspectives. He emphasizes that true wisdom lies in recognizing that Islam represents the profound act of submitting to God. In Islam, all of humanity lives and ultimately finds its purpose, both in life and in death.

In essence, Islam’s core principle revolves around surrendering to the Divine Will and harmonizing one’s life with the overarching plan set forth by the Creator. This submission, born of free will, allows individuals to discover their true purpose and fulfill their destiny in alignment with the rest of God’s creation.

Islam: The Religion in Harmony with Nature

The statement above underscores a fundamental concept, one that the Holy Qur’an articulates with utmost clarity: being a Muslim entails living and evolving in alignment with genuine human nature and the surrounding natural world. Islam, in essence, embodies adherence to the Natural Law—a path of living that resonates with the fundamental order of the universe.

This perspective highlights that Islam, as a way of life, is innately harmonious with the laws governing the natural world. It encourages individuals to embrace their intrinsic human nature, allowing them to grow and flourish in accordance with the principles that underpin the broader scheme of existence. In doing so, Muslims find themselves in a state of profound harmony with the world around them, following a path that is both attuned to their essential selves and deeply rooted in the natural order.

Islam: The Religion of Self-Discipline

The principles of submitting to the Divine Will and aligning with the Natural Law, when put into practice within human life, give rise to a profound sense of self-discipline. In this regard, Islam stands as the epitome of a disciplined way of life.

Renowned author H.G. Wells, in his celebrated work “First and Last Things,” lauds the qualities of discipline, submission, and dedication found within Islam, describing it as a noble and honorable religion, particularly suited for men. He notes that the spirit of Islam, if not its specific doctrines, is abundantly present in our contemporary world. Wells expresses no doubt that devotion to a powerful and principled Deity, as well as service to His Empire characterized by strict Law and Order, has historically offered salvation to many.

Similarly, the German Orientalist Friedrich Delitzsch acknowledges that Muslims, due to their profound surrender to the Will of God, demonstrate exceptional patience in the face of misfortune. They exhibit remarkable strength of character when confronted with calamitous events. This resilience is a testament to the power of discipline instilled by their faith.

Islam: The Religion of Truth

The concept of “Truth” lies at the heart of Islamic ideology, permeating the entire framework of Islamic teachings. In Islam, “truthfulness” stands as a foundational value within its comprehensive Moral Code, serving as the bedrock upon which Muslim character is built.

The Holy Qur’an, the central religious text of Islam, underscores the significance of truth in various aspects. It refers to God Himself as “The Truth” or “the True,” highlighting His absolute veracity. The Holy Prophet Hazrat Muhammad (peace be upon him!) is revered as the “Bearer of Truth,” emphasizing his role in conveying divine truths to humanity.

Moreover, the Qur’an is referred to as “the Truth,” signifying its status as a source of divine guidance and unwavering truth. In the realm of the hereafter, Islam promises the righteous a place known as the “Seat of Truth,” reinforcing the enduring connection between truth and the ultimate destiny of believers. This pervasive emphasis on truth underscores its paramount importance within the Islamic faith.

Islam: The Religion of Temperance and Purity

Islam stands as the embodiment of purity and temperance, emphasizing these virtues with unparalleled clarity. While the importance of purity in heart and mind is acknowledged by various religions, Islam takes it a step further by advocating purity of the body as well. At its core, Islam seeks the balanced development of the human personality, promoting physical, mental, and spiritual well-being.

In pursuit of this holistic approach, Islam staunchly prohibits the consumption of substances that could harm the body or mind. This prohibition extends beyond intoxicants like wine and opium to encompass any foods that may prove detrimental to one’s health. The overarching goal is to safeguard the vitality and well-being of individuals.

Islamic temperance transcends the realm of dietary choices, extending to encompass all aspects of human existence. It entails the cultivation of virtuous thoughts, emotions, and actions. By advocating temperance in all aspects of life, Islam underscores its commitment to the wholesome development of individuals, fostering both physical and spiritual purity.

Islam: The Religion of Beauty and Fulfillment

Unlike some religions that preach detachment from the world and negate its intrinsic value, Islam embraces the concept of fulfillment. It encourages individuals to fully explore and utilize the diverse faculties and capabilities bestowed upon them by God. Aesthetic refinement and appreciation are integral aspects of Islamic life, guided by the religion’s moral and spiritual principles.

In Islam, the notion of “Beauty” permeates every facet of human existence and extends to the entire cosmic order. The Prophet Hazrat Muhammad (peace be with him) emphasized that “Allah is Beautiful and loves what is beautiful.” Consequently, Islam places a premium on beauty in thoughts, words, deeds, and all forms of creative expression.

Islam permits artistic creation, provided it adheres to the religion’s spiritual and moral boundaries. However, Islam’s approach to art transcends the idea of “Art for the sake of Art.” Instead, it champions the concept of “Art for the sake of Life,” recognizing that a harmonious blend of spiritual, moral, and physical beauty is the rational and ultimate objective of human existence.

Islam: The Religion of Reason and Intellectual Pursuit

In Islam, Reason is celebrated as a unique and noble gift bestowed upon humanity by God. The Holy Qur’an repeatedly encourages individuals to employ their reasoning abilities when examining natural and social phenomena, as well as when understanding the teachings of Islam and putting them into practice. Islam places significant emphasis on personal judgment, granting it a rightful place in the lives of its followers.

Moreover, intellectual growth and the pursuit of knowledge are highly esteemed in Islam. The religion obligates every Muslim, whether male or female, to seek, acquire, and cultivate knowledge. Intellectual culture, in all its forms, is regarded as one of the loftiest endeavors in human life within the Islamic tradition.

Islam: The Religion Rejecting Superstition

Islam is a rational and intellectually grounded religion, standing in stark contrast to mystery cults and belief systems founded on obscure and unquestioned dogmas. In Islam, blind faith is not the basis for accepting religious doctrines.

Godfrey Higgins, when discussing Islam’s rejection of superstition and its embrace of reason, states: “Islam does not involve relics, images, pictures, or the veneration of a mother of God. It does not promote doctrines such as salvation through faith alone, deathbed repentance, plenary indulgences, absolution, or confession. These concepts tend to corrupt and subject its followers to a potentially corrupt and degraded priesthood. Instead, Islam centers on the worship of a single God, devoid of mysterious elements or claimed miracles. It acknowledges that a man, Hazrat Muhammad, was sent to preach the duty of worshipping the Creator alone. This constitutes the straightforward doctrinal foundation of the Unitarian religion of Arabia.” (Apology for Hazrat Muhammad).

Islam: The Religion of Deeds

Islam sharply contrasts with religions that equate human salvation with the acceptance of complex and inexplicable doctrines. Simplicity is at its core, and rationality is its essence. In Islam, both “Faith” and “Action” are integral components of salvation.

The Holy Qur’an consistently emphasizes human salvation as a combination of “right belief” and “righteous action.” It underscores that correct belief forms the foundation, while virtuous deeds follow as a necessary consequence.

Islam: The Religion of Balanced Progress

In Islam, life is viewed as a journey toward “Falah,” which means the realization of one’s hidden potentials. A Muslim is expected to continuously strive for progress, but this progress is guided by righteousness and illuminated by Divine Guidance. It is a progress deeply rooted in spirituality and encompasses all aspects of human life: spiritual, mental, moral, aesthetic, and physical.

Renowned Orientalist Prof. H. A. R. Gibb acknowledges the balanced nature of Islam and the inspiration it provides for progress. He notes that within the Western world, Islam maintains a balance between extremes. He further suggests that for the fullest development of cultural and spiritual life, Europe can benefit from the forces and capacities found within Islamic society.

Islam: The Religion of Scientific Quest

While some religions may be hesitant about embracing science, Islam has made the scientific quest a religious obligation. However, the goal of this quest is not the unchecked pursuit of physical pleasures or the domination of others. Instead, it aims to advance one’s love for God through an increased understanding of His creations and to serve humanity by gaining control over the forces of nature.

According to Briffault, a notable scholar of civilization history, the influence of Islamic culture is unmistakable in the genesis of modern science. He emphasizes that the debt owed to Arab culture by European science is substantial, to the extent that science as we know it today owes its existence to this influence. The ancient world, in contrast, was pre-scientific, with Greek astronomy and mathematics being foreign imports not fully integrated into Greek culture. Science as we understand it emerged in Europe through new inquiry methods, including experimentation, observation, and measurement, which were introduced by the Arabs. Roger Bacon, often credited with introducing the experimental method, was merely an advocate of Muslim science and methods for Christian Europe. Therefore, the roots of the experimental method are deeply tied to Arab contributions. Other aspects of European life, beyond science, were also revitalized by influences from Islamic civilization.

H.G. Wells, another prominent Western figure, acknowledged that the modern world received the gift of the scientific method through the Arabs, not the Latin route.

While Western acknowledgment of Islamic contributions has been slow, gradual admissions have started to emerge. It is increasingly recognized that Muslims provided the West not only with the scientific method and inspiration but also with the foundation for these contributions found in the Holy Qur’an. The Qur’an served as the starting point for new cultural and scientific developments. Despite the historical hostility towards Islam in the West, it is becoming clear that the Holy Qur’an played a significant role in fostering progress, particularly in the fields of philosophy, medicine, astronomy, and other sciences, and has left a lasting impact on human civilization.

Islam: The Religion of the Sanctity of Labor

In Islam, any form of honest work is considered sacred and vital for the advancement of humanity. The Holy Qur’an teaches that “man is defined by his efforts,” emphasizing the significance of individual striving and endeavor. Moreover, according to the Holy Prophet Hazrat Muhammad (peace be upon him), “those who engage in labor are beloved by God.” Therefore, Islam promotes the idea that laziness or idleness is a sinful state, while industriousness and hard work are virtuous qualities.

Islam: The Religion of the Highest Ethical Idealism

Islam establishes its ethical foundation on the principle of “submission to the Divine will.” It presents humanity with the ethical ideal of emulating the Divine Attributes. The Holy Prophet Hazrat Muhammad (peace be upon him) exhorts believers to “imbue yourselves with Divine Attributes.”

This religious ethic, as noted by Sir Richard Gregory, represents the pinnacle of ethical values. It revolves around the pursuit of complete and unwavering obedience to what is perceived as the Will of God. This obedience can evolve into a joyful and spontaneous acceptance of a way of life in harmony with the nature of God, while acknowledging the inherent limitations of human nature. This ideal, often associated with saintliness, fosters a desire for uprightness as an end in itself. Individuals may pursue righteousness with the hope of eventual rewards, whether in this world or the next, or simply selflessly for the sake of goodness. This concept of religious ethics has given rise to the highest level of idealism in human conduct.

Islam: The Religion of Peace and Goodwill

The word “Salam,” meaning “peace,” shares its root with the term “Islam.” Consequently, the concept of peace is intrinsically woven into the very fabric of Islam. Peace is a pervasive theme throughout the Islamic religion, evident in various aspects of belief and practice.

According to the Holy Qur’an, God is referred to as As-Salam, signifying “the Source of peace.” A quintessential greeting among Muslims encapsulating the essence of Muslim life is “As-Salam-o-alaikum,” meaning “Peace be unto you.” Moreover, the Holy Qur’an extends an invitation to humanity to aspire to the abode of the righteous, known as “Dar-us-Salam,” which translates to “the Abode of Peace.”

For adherents of Islam, one of the central ideals is to achieve peace on multiple fronts. This pursuit encompasses inner peace attained through harmonious self-realization, peace with fellow human beings through the cultivation of a fundamental attitude of goodwill, and peace with God through unwavering submission to the Divine Will.

Islam: The Religion of Struggle

Islam’s concept of peace is not rooted in utopian ideals. Instead, Islam is a highly practical religion, emphasizing the importance of struggle, known as Jihad. It does not prescribe actions that are unnatural or impractical. In international relations, while Islam is fundamentally committed to promoting peace and goodwill, it recognizes that there may be circumstances where Muslims are morally compelled to engage in warfare. This occurs when there are no other viable options to uphold justice and, paradoxically, peace itself.

The term “Jihad,” which has often been misrepresented in connection with Islamic historical wars, actually means “struggle.” According to Islam, Jihad takes two forms:

1. Struggle for Self-Improvement: This higher form of Jihad involves the individual’s spiritual journey, where they strive to subdue their lower desires and elevate themselves morally and spiritually.
2. Collective Struggle: Collective Jihad can be either peaceful or involve combat. Peaceful Jihad primarily focuses on propagating Islam and integrating it into the collective life of societies through preaching and reform efforts. In contrast, combat-related Jihad is defensive in nature, aimed at countering aggressors when diplomatic or non-violent means have failed to protect justice and peace.

Islamic Warfare: Ethics and Defensive Nature

In Islam, the allowance for war is primarily defensive in nature. It’s important to note that Islam rejects all immoral motivations for warfare and instead emphasizes a stringent ethical code that surpasses any other known in the history of human conflict.

The Quran explicitly states, “And fight for the cause of God against those who fight against you; but commit not the injustice of attacking them first; verily God loveth not the unjust” (S.II 190). This verse highlights the defensive nature of Jihad in Islam – it is permitted to protect the faith from aggression, but initiating hostilities is strictly prohibited.

Historical accounts corroborate this defensive stance. Muslims waged Jihad to defend Islam against aggressors. Once conflicts concluded, Muslims often demonstrated remarkable tolerance towards conquered peoples. They respected their local laws and religious beliefs, exemplifying a level of tolerance that surpassed the actions of many Christian nations during their conquests. Islamic warfare, in this respect, revealed a commitment to ethical conduct and coexistence.

Religious Freedom and Non-Forced Conversion in Islam

Islam categorically prohibits forced conversion, making it abundantly clear that faith cannot be compelled. This principle is underscored in the Quran with the unequivocal statement, “there is no compulsion in matters of faith.” Contrary to unfounded claims, the narrative that Muslims embarked on a global conquest, wielding the sword and the Quran to coerce non-Muslims into conversion, is entirely baseless.

Rev. Dr. O’Leary, even as a critic of Islam, acknowledged the absurdity of this myth, stating, “History makes it clear that the legend of fanatical Muslims sweeping through the world and forcing Islam at the point of the sword upon conquered races is one of the most absurd myths that historians have ever repeated.” This admission highlights the historical inaccuracy of such claims, affirming Islam’s respect for religious freedom and the rejection of forced conversion.

Islam: A Religion of Universal Brotherhood

Islam places a profound emphasis on love for all of God’s creation, particularly the human family. The Holy Prophet Hazrat Muhammad (peace be upon him) articulated this beautifully when he stated, “The best of you is he who is best to God’s family (i.e., humanity).” In Islam, humanity is viewed as a single, unified fraternity, transcending distinctions of caste, tribe, race, color, language, and territory. Within this larger Human Brotherhood, there exists the concept of “Islamic Brotherhood,” which serves as a conduit for disseminating Divine Guidance.

Islam offers a comprehensive code of conduct for interactions within the Islamic Brotherhood, highlighting equality among believers. Dr. Leither observed that in Muhammadanism, “All believers are equal and their own high-priest.”

Moreover, Islam promotes the concept of a League of Human Races, approaching this ideal more closely than many other ideologies. The religion’s commitment to the equality of all human races sets a noteworthy example. The Dutch Orientalist Snouck Hurgronje acknowledged that Islam’s principles regarding the equality of humanity have the potential to shame other communities and ideologies.

Islam: A Religion of Spiritual Democracy

In the realm of worship, Islam champions the establishment of a direct connection between an individual and God, eliminating the need for any intermediary priest. In this way, every Muslim, whether male or female, becomes their own spiritual guide.

It’s crucial to clarify that scholars (Ulama) or prayer leaders (Imams) in mosques should not be regarded as priests. In Islam, any knowledgeable Muslim who understands the faith can lead prayers, and the role of Ulama is to serve as scholars and experts in Islamic knowledge. This responsibility is shared by the entire Islamic community. Unlike certain other religions, such as Hinduism, where the privilege of religious scholarship is restricted to specific castes, Islam encourages every Muslim, regardless of background, to gain knowledge of its teachings.

Even Rev. W. Wilson Cash, a well-known Christian missionary and critic of Islam, acknowledged the distinctive dignity that Islam bestows upon its followers, stating, “Direct access to God makes one of the strong appeals of Islam” (The Expansion of Islam, p. 177). This reflects the spiritual democracy inherent in Islam.

Islam: A Religion of Human Dignity

The Problem of Slavery

Islam places a strong emphasis on human freedom as the inherent right of all individuals. It proclaims human equality, transcending distinctions of caste, color, or geographical origin. Islam firmly rejects the idea of original sin and other theories that paint mankind as inherently evil. Instead, it asserts that all descendants of Adam are the noblest creations of God.

By elevating humanity to the status of God’s representatives on Earth, by encouraging the emulation of Divine Attributes as an ethical ideal, and by declaring the conquest of the universe as humanity’s destiny, Islam establishes human dignity at the highest conceivable level.

Problem of Slavery

Slavery was a common practice in various societies throughout history, and it existed during the time of the Prophet Muhammad. However, Islam initiated measures to mitigate and ultimately eradicate this practice. It laid the ethical foundation for the gradual abolition of slavery through various means:

1. Emancipation: Islam encouraged the freeing of slaves as a virtuous act, and there were numerous instances of the Prophet Muhammad and his companions freeing slaves.
2. Rights of Slaves: Islam introduced significant rights for slaves, including humane treatment, access to education, and the right to earn their freedom through various means.
3. Limitations: Islam imposed restrictions on the acquisition of new slaves, discouraged the separation of slave families, and discouraged harsh treatment.
4. Recognition of Humanity: Islam emphasized the common humanity of all individuals, regardless of their status as slaves. It encouraged fair and compassionate treatment of slaves and recognized their right to dignity.

Over time, these principles led to the gradual decline of slavery within Islamic societies. While it took centuries for the practice to be fully eradicated, Islam’s ethical foundation played a pivotal role in challenging and ultimately abolishing slavery.

Before the advent of Islam, many pre-Islamic cultures and religions held erroneous beliefs about human dignity, leading to widespread suffering and cruelty. People were subjected to harsh treatment based on caste, tribe, and race. Large segments of society were reduced to serfdom, and slavery, a deeply entrenched practice, was prevalent among various races and cultures across Europe and Asia, including the Arabs. Shockingly, some religious scriptures, such as the Bible, seemed to sanction these practices without moral objection.

In this context, Islam emerged as a powerful voice against these injustices. It vehemently opposed these societal evils and introduced a philosophy and a legal framework that would become a beacon of hope for the oppressed and downtrodden throughout history.

One of the misconceptions perpetuated about Islam by its detractors concerns the topic of slavery. To truly understand Islam’s role in the abolition of slavery, I recommend referring to my comprehensive work titled “Islam and Slavery.” In this concise text, I will focus on a statement from a fair-minded non-Muslim scholar from the last century, which sheds light on the matter.

This scholar observed, “His (referring to Hazrat Muhammad) law of slavery is, ‘If slaves come to you, you shall’—not imprison and then sell them through public auctions, even when no claimant appears, as was the practice in nineteenth-century Christian England’s provinces. Instead, ‘redeem them, and it is forbidden to you to send them forth’ (Qur’an II, p.85). And this was a man delivering these principles in the deserts of Arabia in the seventh century.” (Westminster Review no. IX, p. 221).

Even Professor Snouck Hurgronje, a Dutch critic of Islam known for his biases, begrudgingly acknowledged: “According to the Muhammadan principle, slavery is an institution destined to disappear.”

Let’s delve into the issue of polygamy in Islam, given the extensive propaganda by Islam’s critics on this subject, despite the fundamental equality of sexes previously discussed in the section on “Religion of Unity.” It’s important to note that Islam played a pioneering role in granting women social standing and legal rights that wouldn’t be granted in England for many centuries to come, as attested by Lady Evelyn Cobbold in her “Pilgrimage to Mecca.”

Polygamy, which allows a man to have multiple wives, is a practice allowed in Islam but is subject to strict conditions and is often misunderstood. In Islam, a man may marry up to four wives, but this is conditional upon treating each wife with fairness, justice, and equality. It is important to emphasize that this practice is not encouraged; rather, it is permitted under specific circumstances.

The primary purpose of allowing polygamy in Islam was to address certain societal needs, such as caring for widows and orphans after wars or conflicts. The conditions placed on polygamy are intended to ensure that it is carried out with fairness and compassion and not as a means for exploitation or oppression. In practice, many Muslim societies today predominantly practice monogamy, and polygamous marriages are relatively rare.

It is essential to understand the full context and conditions surrounding polygamy in Islam before making judgments about its practice within the religion.

Polygamy was not introduced by Islam, nor was it made obligatory by the religion. It had existed in pre-Islamic societies for centuries, often with religious approval, and was practiced even by individuals considered holy in the Old Testament. In these societies, there were no specific laws governing polygamy, and this practice was prevalent in Arabian society prior to the advent of Islam.

Islam’s role in this context was to regulate polygamy and impose strict restrictions on it, effectively making it prohibitive except in exceptional circumstances. Monogamy has always been the preferred and ideal marital arrangement in Muslim society. Polygamy has been treated as an exception. This historical reality is evident in both the past and present of Muslim communities and has been acknowledged by impartial critics of Islam.

For instance, William Kelly Wright notes that “the majority of Muslims throughout history have had only one wife” (Philosophy of Religion, New York, 1935).

Islam is a natural religion that takes a strong stance against sexual vices and societal ills. As a result, Islam permits limited and regulated polygamy in situations where it is considered a practical remedy for maintaining social well-being and moral health.

For instance, in times of war, when the natural sex ratio is disrupted, leading to an excess of women compared to men, there are typically two options: widespread prostitution or polygamy. Islam favors the latter as a means to safeguard the moral and social welfare of women.

Similarly, if the first wife is unable to conceive or suffers from an incurable illness, there are two possible alternatives. The first involves divorcing the first wife and marrying a new one, which could lead to distressing spinsterhood for the first wife. The second alternative allows the first wife to continue her marriage undisturbed alongside a second wife. This option provides her with an honorable and normal life without the temptation to engage in sinful behavior.

Polygamy may also be considered a necessity in cases involving medically incurable hypersexuality in men. In such cases, a man may seek satisfaction from more than one woman to fulfill his biological needs. In all these situations, Islam permits polygamy with its associated responsibilities and restrictions, which is often viewed as a healthier and more honest approach than hypocritically adhering to formal monogamy.

Islam does not permit polyandry, which is the practice of one woman having multiple husbands. This prohibition is based on several considerations:

1. Psychological Soundness: Polyandry is considered psychologically unsound because it can lead to confusion and conflicts within the family structure. The roles and responsibilities of husbands and fathers become blurred, potentially causing emotional stress and instability.
2. Sociological Impracticality: From a sociological perspective, polyandry is often deemed impracticable. It can create complex issues related to property, inheritance, and child custody. Determining the paternity of children in such arrangements can be problematic.
3. Biological Concerns: There are also biological concerns associated with polyandry. It increases the risk of sexually transmitted diseases, as multiple sexual partners are involved. This poses a danger to the physical health of the individuals involved, as it can facilitate the spread of diseases.

It’s worth noting that while Islam prohibits polyandry, it allows polygyny, where a man can have multiple wives, but within the framework of strict regulations and responsibilities to ensure the well-being of all parties involved.

Dr. Annie Besant makes a comparison between polygamy and the prevalent situation in the West, highlighting what she sees as shortcomings in Western relationships. She argues that Western societies may claim to practice monogamy, but often fail to take responsibility for the well-being of women involved in extramarital relationships. These women, according to Besant, are often abandoned and left in precarious situations, leading to lives of misery and, in some cases, prostitution.

Another critic of Western social norms argues that the legal prohibition of polygamy in the West has unintended consequences. By criminalizing polygamy, the state effectively prevents millions of women from having husbands and bearing children. This, the critic asserts, is not in line with the teachings of Jesus Christ, and from social, ethical, and religious perspectives, polygamy can be seen as compatible with high standards of civilization. The critic suggests that allowing polygamy could provide a solution to the problems of destitute and unwanted women in the West, preventing further prostitution and distressing spinsterhood.

In essence, these critics argue that polygamy, when practiced responsibly and within a regulated framework, may offer advantages over certain aspects of Western relationship dynamics.

Islam: A Religion of Salvation in Both Worlds

Islam stands out as a unique religion for its holistic approach to salvation. While many faiths focus solely on the afterlife, Islam places significant importance on ensuring human well-being in this world. This dual emphasis on earthly and spiritual salvation sets Islam apart, offering guidance that covers every aspect of life, from morality and social progress to economic justice and political stability. Here’s a clearer look at this distinctive aspect:

1. Complete Guidance for a Fulfilling Life:

• Islam is not merely a set of philosophical ideas or high-minded ideals; it is a comprehensive way of life. It provides clear moral principles founded on a solid footing, giving individuals a roadmap to lead meaningful and fulfilling lives.
• This guidance goes beyond theory, offering practical principles that individuals can apply in their daily lives. It outlines their responsibilities, both towards themselves and others, through flexible rules that can adapt and evolve with human intellectual development.
• What makes Islam truly remarkable is that it attributes these laws to a divine source, reinforcing the idea that they are timeless and for the betterment of humanity.

2. Positive and Continuous Influence:

• Islam’s approach, as praised by Laura Veccia Vaglieri, is deserving of deep admiration. It isn’t a stagnant belief system but a dynamic way of life that continually exerts a positive and beneficial influence on individuals.
• By addressing moral values, social progress, economic justice, and political stability, Islam ensures that its followers not only seek salvation in the afterlife but also actively contribute to the betterment of society in the present.

In essence, Islam offers a dual promise of salvation: one in the afterlife and another in the present world. It provides a framework for a fulfilling and morally grounded life, fostering individual well-being and contributing to the progress of society and humanity as a whole.

Unique Merits of the Holy Qur’an

The Holy Qur’an, the sacred scripture of Islam, possesses three fundamental merits that set it apart from all other scriptures in the world. These merits are acknowledged not only by Muslim scholars but also by non-Muslim Western scholars, despite any critical tendencies they may have towards Islam. Let’s delve into these merits:

1. Authenticity of its Text:

• The Holy Qur’an boasts an unparalleled authenticity in its text. It remains unchanged and unaltered from the time of its revelation. This authenticity stands as a testament to the divine origin of the Qur’an. Even non-Muslim Western scholars, often critical of Islam, have recognized and admitted this fact.

2. Perfection of its Literary Form:

• The Holy Qur’an exhibits a remarkable literary form characterized by its beauty and eloquence. Its language is so captivating that it left a profound impact on the hearts and minds of its listeners. This literary excellence played a pivotal role in converting even the most skeptical and hostile individuals.

3. Rational Character, Comprehensiveness, and Profound Guidance:

• The Holy Qur’an provides guidance that is rational, comprehensive, and profound. It covers a wide array of subjects, including previsions of future events, historical facts, and references to various sciences, both religious and secular. This treasure trove of wisdom can be embraced by the most intelligent individuals, eminent philosophers, and astute politicians.

Proofs of Divinity:

• The Holy Qur’an’s divinity is further evidenced by its substance, which contains remarkable insights, including predictions of future events and references to various fields of knowledge. These elements contribute to its divine character and authenticity.
• Another compelling proof of the Qur’an’s divinity lies in its preservation. It has remained intact through the ages, from the time of its revelation to the present day. This preservation, guided by the will of God, ensures that the Qur’an will endure for as long as the universe exists.
• The repeated reading of the Qur’an within the Muslim world does not breed weariness but rather instills a sense of awe and respect in the hearts of its readers and listeners.

In summary, the Holy Qur’an’s authenticity, literary excellence, and profound guidance make it a unique and revered scripture in the world of religions. Its preservation and continued impact reinforce its divine status and everlasting relevance.

The Simplicity of Islam’s Beliefs

Islam is characterized by its straightforward and uncomplicated creed, which is both profound in its implications and accessible to believers. This simplicity is evident in two fundamental aspects of Islamic faith:

1. Seven Articles of Faith:

• These articles represent the core beliefs that every Muslim holds:
  1. Belief in Allah, the One and Only God.
  2. Belief in angels as divine messengers.
  3. Belief in divine scriptures, including the Quran.
  4. Belief in the messengers of Allah, including Hazrat Muhammad.
  5. Belief in the Hereafter, the life after death.
  6. Belief in the pre-measurement of good and evil.
  7. Belief in the resurrection after death.

2. The “Five Pillars”:

• These pillars represent the fundamental acts of worship and practice for Muslims:
  1. The declaration of faith in the oneness of God and the prophethood of Hazrat Muhammad: “La ilaha Illallah Muhammadur-Rasulullah.”
  2. Obligatory prayers.
  3. Obligatory fasting during Ramadan.
  4. Giving zakat or the poor-tax to those in need.
  5. Undertaking the pilgrimage to the Kaaba in Mecca, known as Hajj, for those who are physically and financially able.

This simplicity in creed and practice has a profound impact on Islam’s appeal. A Christian critic of Islam acknowledges this simplicity by stating that Islam peacefully captures hearts through its straightforward theology, clear doctrines, and a limited number of required practices. In contrast, Christianity has undergone continuous transformation since its inception, while Islam has remained consistent with its core beliefs.

It’s essential to note that while these Seven Articles and Five Pillars form the foundational elements of Islamic faith, they are just the beginning. Islam’s complete ideology, derived from these fundamentals and elaborated upon in the Quran and Prophetic Traditions, offers comprehensive guidance on all aspects of human life, including the physical, moral, social, and spiritual dimensions.

The Pinnacle of Human Perfection: Hazrat Muhammad (Peace Be Upon Him)

The Unique Status of Hazrat Muhammad in Islam

In Islam, loving and believing in the Holy Prophet Hazrat Muhammad (peace be upon him) above all else is a fundamental prerequisite of faith. He is regarded as the embodiment of human perfection, the ultimate leader, and the last and final Prophet. After his prophethood, no new prophets, whether real or shadowy, are to arise. Following his example, known as the “Best Example,” forms an integral part of Islamic belief.

Praise for Hazrat Muhammad (Peace Be Upon Him) by Western Scholars

Even Western scholars, often critical of Islam, have acknowledged the remarkable qualities of Hazrat Muhammad (peace be upon him). They describe him as a majestic figure with handsome features, endowed with a powerful imagination, elevated thoughts, and a refined sensibility. He is characterized by immense modesty and kindness, especially towards the less fortunate. Hazrat Muhammad is known for his affection for children, often stopping to interact with them in the streets. He was never known to strike anyone, and his harshest words were mild expressions of disappointment.

Hazrat Muhammad’s family life was marked by love and care, and he showed compassion even to his servants. His humility extended to performing menial tasks, such as kindling fires, sweeping, and milking goats. He would share his simple meals with anyone who visited him, and he was known for his generosity. His regular diet consisted of dates, barley bread, and water, with occasional indulgences in milk and honey.

Hazrat Muhammad’s exemplary character, noble qualities, courage, and hope inspired those around him. He was an enthusiast in the noblest sense, with unwavering dedication to his mission as the Messenger of the one God. His enthusiasm ignited a profound transformation in the world.

Western Scholars on Hazrat Muhammad’s Influence

Western scholars recognize the essential sincerity of Hazrat Muhammad’s nature and the historical significance of his role as a Prophet. He delivered austere and sublime thoughts, laid down principles of higher morality, and devoted himself to his divine calling with fearlessness. His impact on the world is undeniable, as he admonished, taught, and uttered profound wisdom.

Thomas Carlyle, a notable Western thinker, praised the success of Hazrat Muhammad’s mission, highlighting how Islam transformed Arabia from obscurity to greatness. He described the Arab nation as experiencing a birth from darkness into light, thanks to Hazrat Muhammad’s leadership.

O. Houdas, a French scholar, marveled at the rapid spread of Islam within half a century, reaching from the Indus to the Atlantic Ocean. He noted that Islam’s influence persisted through the centuries, expanding into India, China, Malaysia, and Africa. Even today, Islam continues to grow, converting entire regions. Houdas predicted that Islam would continue to make inroads into Europe, driven not by missionaries or force but by the inner vitality of Hazrat Muhammad’s message.

In summary, Hazrat Muhammad (peace be upon him) stands as a pinnacle of human perfection, revered in Islam for his profound impact on the world and admired even by Western scholars for his exceptional character and transformative influence.

The Ultimate Goal: Love and Devotion to God

The ultimate aspiration in Islam is the cultivation of a profound and all-encompassing love for Allah. This love should permeate the heart to such an extent that an individual becomes nearly incapable of going against the Divine Commands. Achieving this state of absolute devotion to God bestows upon a Muslim what can be described as an “Abiding Life” – a life characterized by peace, progress, and perfection.

In simpler terms, the ultimate objective in Islam is to wholeheartedly love and submit to Allah, allowing this love to guide one’s actions and choices. This profound love leads to a state of inner peace and spiritual fulfillment, enabling personal growth and moral perfection.

Writing a book is a solitary endeavor, but its completion is far from a solitary achievement. It is with deep gratitude and heartfelt appreciation that I acknowledge the support, guidance, and contributions of those who made “Introducing Islam: The Complete Little Guide on Islam” a reality.

I extend my sincere thanks to:

My Family: Your unwavering belief in my abilities and your encouragement have been my constant motivation. Thank you for your understanding during those long writing hours and for being my rock.

My Friends: Your enthusiasm and willingness to listen to my ideas, even when they seemed endless, are cherished. Your support and encouragement meant the world to me.

My Mentors: To those who generously shared their wisdom and expertise, thank you for helping me refine my understanding of Islam and its complexities. Your guidance was invaluable.

The Research Community: I am indebted to the scholars, educators, and experts whose work provided the foundation for this book. Your dedication to the pursuit of knowledge is inspiring.

My Publisher and Editing Team: Your professionalism and commitment to excellence have transformed my words into a polished work. Thank you for your diligence and patience.

The Global Muslim Community: To the countless individuals who shared their personal stories, insights, and experiences, thank you for allowing me to understand the multifaceted tapestry of Islam.

Readers and Supporters: Your interest in this book and your willingness to engage with its content is deeply appreciated. It is for you that this book exists.

In the spirit of knowledge, empathy, and unity, I offer my heartfelt thanks to all who have been a part of this journey. May this book serve as a beacon of understanding and tolerance in an increasingly interconnected world.

With gratitude and warm regards,